Barium in Drinking Water and Brine Water Marcellus
Shale Citizen Private Well Monitoring

 

Water Research Center

Barium In
Drinking Water
Water Testing Kits


by:
Mr. Brian Oram, PG
B.F. Environmental Consultants Inc.


Concerned about Natural Gas Development ?

The Water Research Center is a strong supporter of environmental education and the company feels privileged to make available this informational fact sheet for free as a means of environmental education, awareness, and outreach.  In partial fulfillment of that obligation we are proud to make this report available to YOU.  There are a number of contaminants that threaten the safety and quality of our nations drinking water, but none is more misunderstood than barium. seem so benign as nitrates.

For drinking water the maximum contaminant level set by the EPA and used by the PADEP is 2.0 mg/L or 2000 ppb.   Barium (Ba+2) can cause an increase in blood pressure,  gastrointestinal problems, muscle weakness, and affects the nervous and circulatory system.

Barium is a lustrous, machinable metal which exists in nature only in ores containing mixtures of elements. Barium is a naturally occurring alkaline earth metal more commonly found in the Midwest or in brine water or fluids associated with oil and gas development.  In addition, barium can be found in landfill leachate, coal waste, paints, and high octane fuels.  Barium is used to make a found e variety of electronic components, in metal alloys, bleaches, dyes, fireworks, ceramics and glass.   With respect to Marcellus Shale development, high levels of barium may also be associated with elevated level of the following cations (positively charged ions): strontium, chloride, lithium, calcium, and sodium and elevated levels of the following anion (negatively charged ions): chloride.

Regarding the barium content of the surfacewater and groundwater - this is difficult to answer, but I would probably say a value less than 0.5 to 1 mg/L would likely represent water that is not impacted by saline water.  For one sample, I know that is not a Marcellus Shale impact, but a mixture of natural saline water and freshwater-  the final barium content was about 1.6 mg/L. Well is only 300 feet deep.  This was not a well impact by Marcellus Shale Development or a spill, but the well was deep enough to permit the mixing of saline and freshwater. 

For a saline seep in Susquehanna County, I have seen barium levels of over 160 mg/L.    For production water, barium concentrations may be over 6000 mg/L.  Since the solubility of barium chloride is over 30,000 mg/L, the barium is typically removed using a co-precipitation process by the introduction of bases (High pH solutions or other salts that form a compound with a lower solubility, such as the reaction of barium with sulfate.  Therefore, it is likely that as the water is exposed to more sulfates in the environment the barium would precipitate out as barium sulfate.  Barium does not tend to bio-accumulate, does not mind to most soils and will migrate through the groundwater flow system. 

Barium - Is regulated as a primary drinking water standard, because it is associated with a potential health concern.  The following are the treatment systems that can be used to remove barium from water ion exchange, reverse osmosis, lime softening, and electrodialysis.

For 20 years, I have been suggesting well owners get there water tested, here are some options:

a. Informational Water Testing
b. Private Well Owner and Watershed Survey - Free Radon in Water Testing
c. Baseline Testing Related to Natural Gas Development - Chain-of-Custody

Work as a Community - Support the Citizen Groundwater Database - Northeastern Pennsylvania

You can monitor your general water quality at home using a small handheld

Other Reports are available for FREE.

Homeowners Guide to Drinking Water Test and Testing- What do I test for?
Newest Website - The MTBE Fact Sheet
Newest Website - Arsenic In Groundwater  
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For More information about the Water Research Center, 
please contact:

 Attn: Mr. Brian Oram, Professional Geologist (PG)
Water Research Center
B.F. Environmental Consultants Inc.
15 Hillcrest Drive
Dallas, PA 18612

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